Answer
A – MV Explorer sank after hitting an ice eberg in 2007. All passengers n crew rescued.
Requiremnets :
- Because of the increased maritime traffic in Arctic and Antarctic areas
- Need for Modern and effective regulations at international level in order To mitigate the risks in Polar areas as they were not adequately addressed by other instruments.
- PWOM- Polar Water Operating manual.
Principal aspects that attributed for maritime traffic in Polar area where:
1.The Arctic shipping Sea Routes
2. Reduced ice cover
3.Antartic and artic area tourism
4.Artic destination Shipping
The purpose of the Polar Code is
- to ensure safe ship operations,
- protect the environment, and
- enhance seafarer competence in polar waters
Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code)
- Entered into force 1st Jan 2017 by tacit acceptance procedure.
- Mandatory under SOLAS & MARPOL
- Mandatory -safety part 1-A& pollution n prevention part II-A
- Recommendatory -safety part -1 B & pollution prevention II-B
- The ships which operate in the - defined waters of ANTARCTIC & ARCTIC
- to apply for a polar ship certificate divides ships into three categories based on the type of ice for which they are des signed to operate
- Category A, B, and C
The main differences between these categories are as follows:
Category A:
Ships designed - to operate in polar waters with
- at least medium first-yea rice - 0.7 to 1 1.2 meters thick
These ships are built and ice-strengthened - in accordance with the IACS Polar ice classes s or
to a standard offering an equivalent level of safety
Category B:
Ships not included in Category A and
- designed for operation in polar waters with
- at least thin first year ice
- 0.3 to 0.7 metres thick
These ships are built and ice-strengthened - in accordance with thelACS Polar ice classes s or
to a standard offering an equivalent leve el of safety
-
Category C:
Ships designed to operate in open water
- or in ice conditions which are less seve ere than those
- included in Categories A and B
- These ships are not built or ice-strengt thened
- in accordance with the IACS Polar ice c classes,
- but they must comply with
- the Polar Code's requirements related
- to operation in ice, low air temperature re, high latitude, and
- maximum expected time of rescue
Arctic Area-All water north of latitude 60°N with Deviation to include waters of Southern exposure of Greenland , - Antarctic- - All waters south of latitude 60°S