Answer
• Article 3 : Breadth of the Territorial sea – every state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial
sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 NM, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this convention
• Article 4 : Outer limit of the Territorial sea – The outer limit of the terrritorial sea is the line every point of
which is at a distance from the nearest point of the Baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.
• Article 5 Baseline Definition– The normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the Territorial sea is the
low-watr line along the coast as marked on large scale charts officially recognized by the costal state.
• Contiguous Zone:
◦ The contiguous zone extends seaward up to 24 nm from its baselines.
◦ It is an intermediary zone between the territorial sea and the high seas.
◦ The Coastal state has the right to both prevent and punish infringement of fiscal, immigration,
sanitary, and customs laws within its territory and territorial sea.
◦ Unlike the territorial sea, the contiguous zone only gives jurisdiction to a state on the ocean’s surface
and floor. It does not provide air and space rights.Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ):
◦ Each Coastal state may claim an EEZ beyond and adjacent to its territorial sea that extends seaward
up to 200 nm from its baselines.
◦ Within its EEZ, a Coastal state has:
• Sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving and managing natural
resources, whether living or nonliving, of the seabed and subsoil.
• Rights to carry out activities like the production of energy from the water, currents and wind.
◦ Unlike the territorial sea and the contiguous zone, the EEZ only allows for the above-mentioned
resource rights. It does not give a Coastal state the right to prohibit or limit freedom of navigation or overflight, subject to very limited exceptions.
• Continental Shelf
• It comprises of seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas.
• Outer Limit is 350nm or 100 nm from 2500m isobath, decided by ISA.
• Coastal state has the sovereign rights to explore and exploit natural resources.
• All states are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines.